Hexagram 23 · ䷖
This pictures a time when inferior people are pushing forward and are about to crowd out the few remaining strong and superior men. Under these circumstances, w...
The dark lines are about to mount upward and overthrow the last firm, light line by exerting a disintegrating influence on it. The inferior, dark forces overcome what is superior and strong, not by direct means, but by undermining it gradually and imperceptibly, so that it finally collapses. The lines of the hexagram present the image of a house, the top line being the roof, and because the roof is being shattered the house collapses. The hexagram belongs to the ninth month (October–November). The yin power pushes up ever more powerfully and is about to supplant the yang power altogether.
SPLITTING APART. It does not further one To go anywhere.
This pictures a time when inferior people are pushing forward and are about to crowd out the few remaining strong and superior men. Under these circumstances, which are due to the time, it is not favorable for the superior man to undertake anything. The right behavior in such adverse times is to be deduced from the images and their attributes. The lower trigram stands for the earth, whose attributes are docility and devotion. The upper trigram stands for the mountain, whose attribute is stillness. This suggests that one should submit to the bad time and remain quiet. For it is a question not of man’s doing but of time conditions, which, according to the laws of heaven, show an alternation of increase and decrease, fullness and emptiness. It is impossible to counteract these conditions of the time. Hence it is not cowardice but wisdom to submit and avoid action.
Splitting Apart means ruin. The yielding changes the firm. It does not further one to undertake anything, for the inferiors destroy what is above them. In following what is above, one loses the way.
The lower, weaker forces are eroding what is above them. The right response is not aggressive advance, but recognizing the cycle of decline and holding to what can still be preserved.
The mountain rests on the earth: The image of SPLITTING APART. Thus those above can ensure their position Only by giving generously to those below.
The mountain rests on the earth. When it is steep and narrow, lacking a broad base, it must topple over. Its position is strong only when it rises out of the earth broad and great, not proud and steep. So likewise those who rule rest on the broad foundation of the people. They too should be generous and benevolent, like the earth that carries all. Then they will make their position as secure as a mountain is in its tranquility.
The leg of the bed is split. Those who persevere are destroyed. Misfortune.
Inferior people are on the rise and stealthily begin their destructive burrowing from below in order to undermine the place where the superior man rests. Those followers of the ruler who remain loyal are destroyed by slander and intrigue. The situation bodes disaster, yet there is nothing to do but wait.
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The leg of the bed is split. Those who persevere are destroyed. The yielding destroys the firm below.
The split bed leg shows the yielding destroying the firm from below.
The bed is split at the edge. Those who persevere are destroyed. Misfortune.
The power of the inferior people is growing. The danger draws close to one’s person; already there are dear indications, and rest is disturbed. Moreover, in this dangerous situation one is as yet without help or friendly advances from above or below. Extreme caution is necessary in this isolation. One must adjust to the time and promptly avoid the danger. Stubborn perseverance in maintaining one’s standpoint would lead to downfall.
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The bed is split at the edge. Those who persevere are destroyed. The yielding destroys the firm.
The split bed edge shows the yielding destroying the firm structure.
He splits with them. No blame.
An individual finds himself in an evil environment to which he is committed by external ties. But he has an inner relationship with a superior man, and through this he attains the stability to free himself from the way of the inferior people around him. This brings him into opposition to them of course, but that is not wrong.
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He splits with them. No blame. He loses what is above and finds what is below.
Separating brings no blame because one abandons what is above to find security below.
The bed is split up to the skin. Misfortune.
Here the disaster affects not only the resting place but even the occupant. No warning or other comment is added. Misfortune has reached its peak: it can no longer be warded off.
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The bed is split up to the skin. He is too close to the danger.
The bed split to the skin shows one too dangerously close to collapse.
A shoal of fishes. Favor comes through the court ladies. Everything acts to further.
Here, in immediate proximity to the strong, light-giving principle at the top, the nature of the dark force undergoes a change. It no longer opposes the strong principle by means of intrigues but submits to its guidance. Indeed, as the head of the other weak lines, it leads all of these to the strong line, just as a princess leads her maids-in-waiting like a shoal of fishes to her husband and thus gains his favor. Inasmuch as the lower element thus voluntarily places itself under the higher, it attains happiness and the higher also receives its due. Therefore all goes well.
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Favor comes through the court ladies. They do not act as leaders but as followers.
Favor through court ladies shows followers acting properly as subordinates, not leaders.
There is a large fruit still uneaten. The superior man receives a carriage. The house of the inferior man is split apart.
Here the splitting apart reaches its end. When misfortune has spent itself, better times return. The seed of the good remains, and it is just when the fruit falls to the ground that good sprouts anew from its seed. The superior man again attains influence and effectiveness. He is supported by public opinion as if in a carriage. But the inferior man’s wickedness is visited upon himself. His house is split apart. A law of nature is at work here. Evil is not destructive to the good alone but inevitably destroys itself as well. For evil, which lives solely by negation, cannot continue to exist on its own strength alone. The inferior man himself fares best when held under control by a superior man.
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The superior man receives a carriage. He is carried by the people. The house of the inferior man is split apart. This is his end.
The superior person receiving a carriage is lifted by the people. The inferior person's house splitting is his inevitable end.
What does Po / Splitting Apart mean in the I Ching?
This pictures a time when inferior people are pushing forward and are about to crowd out the few remaining strong and superior men. Under these circumstances, w...
How should I study Hexagram 23 on this page?
Start with the judgment and image, then read the line statements in sequence. Inferior people are on the rise and stealthily begin their destructive burrowing from below in order to undermine the place where the superior man rests. Those followers of the rul...
How can this hexagram be applied in a modern reading?
The lower, weaker forces are eroding what is above them. The right response is not aggressive advance, but recognizing the cycle of decline and holding to what can still be preserved.
Primary text: Zhouyi / I Ching, including the Judgment, Image, line texts, and related commentaries.
Translation basis: public-domain and modern study references, with AI used only as a learning aid.
Zhouyi / I Ching primary text: The received text of the Book of Changes, including the Judgment, Image, and line statements.
The I Ching or Book of Changes, Richard Wilhelm / Cary F. Baynes: Princeton University Press translation used as a major English-language reference point for names, structure, and commentary framing.
The Sacred Books of China: The Texts of Confucianism, James Legge: Classical English reference used for comparative reading of source terminology and commentarial tradition.
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