Hexagram 53 · ䷴
The development of events that leads to a girl’s following a man to his home proceeds slowly. The various formalities must be disposed of before the marriage ta...
This hexagram is made up of Sun (wood, penetration) above, i.e., without, and Kên (mountain, stillness) below, i.e., within. A tree on a mountain develops slowly according to the law of its being and consequently stands firmly rooted. This gives the idea of a development that proceeds gradually, step by step. The attributes of the trigrams also point to this: within is tranquility, which guards against precipitate actions, and without is penetration, which makes development and progress possible.
DEVELOPMENT. The maiden Is given in marriage. Good fortune. Perseverance furthers.
The development of events that leads to a girl’s following a man to his home proceeds slowly. The various formalities must be disposed of before the marriage takes place. This principle of gradual development can be applied to other situations as well; it is always applicable where it is a matter of correct relationships of co-operation, as for instance in the appointment of an official. The development must be allowed to take its proper course. Hasty action would not be wise. This is also true, finally, of any effort to exert influence on others, for here too the essential factor is a correct way of development through cultivation of one’s own personality. No influence such as that exerted by agitators has a lasting effect. Within the personality too, development must follow the same course if lasting results are to be achieved. Gentleness that is adaptable, but at the same time penetrating, is the outer form that should proceed from inner calm. The very gradualness of the development makes it necessary to have perseverance, for perseverance alone prevents slow progress from dwindling to nothing.
Development means advance. The maiden is given in marriage: good fortune. Going forward brings the proper place. Going brings success. Going in the right way can set the state in order. In his position, the hard attains the middle. Keeping still and devoted, movement does not come to an end.
Development means advance. The maiden given in marriage brings good fortune. Going forward brings proper place and success. Going in the right way can set the state in order.
On the mountain, a tree: The image of DEVELOPMENT. Thus the superior man abides in dignity and virtue, In order to improve the mores.
The tree on the mountain is visible from afar, and its development influences the landscape of the entire region. It does not shoot up like a swamp plant; its growth proceeds gradually. Thus also the work of influencing people can be only gradual. No sudden influence or awakening is of lasting effect. Progress must be quite gradual, and in order to obtain such progress in public opinion and in the mores of the people, it is necessary for the personality to acquire influence and weight. This comes about through careful and constant work on one’s own moral development.
The wild goose gradually draws near the shore. The young son is in danger. There is talk. No blame.
All the individual lines in this hexagram symbolize the gradual flight of the wild goose. The wild goose is the symbol of conjugal fidelity, because it is believed that this bird never takes another mate after the death of the first. The initial line suggests the first resting place in the flight of water birds from the water to the heights. The shore is reached. The situation is that of a lonely young man who is just starting out to make his way in life. Since no one comes to help him, his first steps are slow and hesitant, and he is surrounded by danger. Naturally he is subjected to much criticism. But these very difficulties keep him from being too hasty, and his progress is successful.
Small Image
The young son is in danger: the meaning permits no blame. There is talk: he does not treat anyone ill.
Young son in danger permits no blame. Talk means not treating anyone ill.
The wild goose gradually draws near the cliff. Eating and drinking in peace and concord. Good fortune.
The cliff is a safe place on shore. The development has gone a step further. The initial insecurity has been overcome, and a safe position in life has been found, giving one enough to live on. This first success, opening up a path to activity, brings a certain joyousness of mood, and one goes to meet the future reassured. It is said of the wild goose that it calls to its comrades whenever it finds food; this is the symbol of peace and concord in good fortune. A man does not want to keep his good luck for himself only, but is ready to share it with others.
Small Image
Eating and drinking in peace and contentment: he does not seek a full belly.
Eating and drinking in contentment means not seeking a full belly.
The wild goose gradually draws near the plateau. The man goes forth and does not return. The woman carries a child but does not bring it forth. Misfortune. It furthers one to fight off robbers.
The high plateau is dry and unsuitable for the wild goose. If it goes there, it has lost its way and gone too far. This is contrary to the law of development. It is the same in human life. If we do not let things develop quietly but plunge of our own choice too rashly into a struggle, misfortune results. A man jeopardizes his own life, and his family perishes thereby. However, this is not at all necessary; it is only the result of transgressing the law of natural development. If one does not willfully provoke a conflict, but confines himself to vigorously maintaining his own position and to warding off unjustified attacks, all goes well.
Small Image
The man goes forth and does not return: he separates himself from his group. The woman carries a child but does not bring it forth: she has lost the right way. It furthers to ward off attacks: to yield is to be protected.
Man not returning means separating from group. Woman not bringing forth child means losing the right way. Warding off attacks means yielding to be protected.
The wild goose gradually draws near the tree. Perhaps it will find a flat branch. No blame.
A tree is not a suitable place for a wild goose. But if it is clever, it will find a flat branch on which it can get a footing. A man’s life too, in the course of its development, often brings him into inappropriate situations, in which he finds it difficult to hold his own without danger. Then it is important to be sensible and yielding. This enables him to discover a safe place in which life can go on, although he may be surrounded by danger.
Small Image
Perhaps it finds a flat branch: he follows the yielding way.
Finding flat branch means following the yielding way.
The wild goose gradually draws near the summit. For three years the woman has no child. In the end nothing can hinder her. Good fortune.
The summit is a high place. In a high position one easily becomes isolated. One is misjudged by the very person on whom one is dependent—the woman by her husband, the official by his superior. This is the work of deceitful persons who have wormed their way in. The result is that relationships remain sterile, and nothing is accomplished. But in the course of further development, such misunderstandings are cleared away, and reconciliation is achieved after all.
Small Image
In the end nothing can hinder her: he attains what he wishes.
Nothing hindering her means attaining what he wishes.
The wild goose gradually draws near the cloud heights. Its feathers can be used for the sacred dance. Good fortune.
Here life comes to its end. A man’s work stands completed. The path rises high toward heaven, like the flight of wild geese when they have left the earth far behind. There they fly, keeping to the order of their flight in strict formation. And if their feathers fall, they can serve as ornaments in the sacred dance pantomimes performed in the temples. Thus the life of a man who has perfected himself is a bright light for the people of the earth, who look up to him as an example.
Small Image
Its feathers can be used for the sacred dance: good fortune. He cannot be disordered.
Feathers for sacred dance means good fortune—he cannot be disordered.
What does Chien / Development mean in the I Ching?
The development of events that leads to a girl’s following a man to his home proceeds slowly. The various formalities must be disposed of before the marriage ta...
How should I study Hexagram 53 on this page?
Start with the judgment and image, then read the line statements in sequence. All the individual lines in this hexagram symbolize the gradual flight of the wild goose. The wild goose is the symbol of conjugal fidelity, because it is believed that this bird n...
How can this hexagram be applied in a modern reading?
Development means advance. The maiden given in marriage brings good fortune. Going forward brings proper place and success. Going in the right way can set the state in order.
Primary text: Zhouyi / I Ching, including the Judgment, Image, line texts, and related commentaries.
Translation basis: public-domain and modern study references, with AI used only as a learning aid.
Zhouyi / I Ching primary text: The received text of the Book of Changes, including the Judgment, Image, and line statements.
The I Ching or Book of Changes, Richard Wilhelm / Cary F. Baynes: Princeton University Press translation used as a major English-language reference point for names, structure, and commentary framing.
The Sacred Books of China: The Texts of Confucianism, James Legge: Classical English reference used for comparative reading of source terminology and commentarial tradition.
i ching hexagram meanings
I Ching Hexagram Meanings: How to Read the 64 Patterns
Understand how I Ching hexagram meanings work, from the overall pattern to the image, line statements, and modern interpretation.
i ching changing lines
How to Read Changing Lines in the I Ching
Learn how changing lines work in the I Ching and how to interpret them without overcomplicating the reading.
how to read i ching
How to Read the I Ching: A Beginner Path from Hexagram to Action
Learn how to read the I Ching step by step, from identifying the hexagram to interpreting line meanings and translating the result into action.
